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Right triangles and trigonometry SAT question

Math · Geometry and Trigonometry · Hard · Answer it here, explanation included.

The side lengths of right triangle are given. Triangle   is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and corresponds to . What is the value of ?

ExplanationShow

Choice D is correct. The hypotenuse of triangle  is the longest side and is across from the right angle. The longest side length given is , which is the length of side . Therefore, the hypotenuse of triangle  is side , so the right angle is angle . The tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle is the ratio of the length of the opposite side, which is the side across from the angle, to the length of the adjacent side, which is the side closest to the angle that is not the hypotenuse. It follows that the opposite side of angle is side and the adjacent side of angle is side . Therefore, . Substituting for  and for  in this equation yields . This is equivalent to . It’s given that triangle is similar to triangle , where corresponds to and corresponds to . It follows that corresponds to . Therefore, the hypotenuse of triangle is side , which means . Since the lengths of corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional, . Therefore, is equivalent to , or . Thus, .

Choice A is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice B is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

Choice C is incorrect. This is the value of , not .

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